名医论证∣中医药化解放化疗之“毒”:以千年智慧守护生命质量
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fy169.net/frontend/web/static/publish/css/style.css?v=20240712" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/frontend/web/static/publish/css/style.css?v=20240712"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #0050ae; height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; box-shadow: #ffffff 0px 0px 0px; 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width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #0050ae; height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 0px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgba(0, 80, 174, 0.05); padding: 25px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-bottom-color: #0050ae; border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本期口述——肿瘤内科 苗磊</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本期整理——刘东篱</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本期病症——恶性肿瘤放化疗后的毒副反应</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 45%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FhkXgCHPczbP_3Noe_NDVjhWApBo" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">苗磊</p><p style="text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">肿瘤内科副主任</p><p style="text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">副主任医师</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">专家简介</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1999年毕业于蚌埠医学院,从事临床工作20余年,先后在上海市中西医结合医院、北京朝阳医院、蚌埠医学院第一附属医院等进修学习,现任安徽省抗癌协会肿瘤传统专业委员会常务委员、安徽省中医肿瘤专科联盟常务理事、阜阳市中医药学会肿瘤专业委员会副主任委员、阜阳市医学会肿瘤分会委员、阜阳市中医药学会老年病专业委员会常务理事、阜阳市中医药学会外科专业委员分会常务委员,在专业期刊上发表学术论文多篇。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">擅长:肿瘤科临床常见各种实体肿瘤的诊断及综合治疗,熟练掌握临床常见恶性肿瘤放疗、化疗、免疫、生物治疗、介入、中医中药及理疗等多种抗肿瘤治疗手段,能根据每位患者具体情况制定个性化诊疗方案,以达到最佳治疗效果。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">放化疗在恶性肿瘤的治疗过程中犹如一把“双刃剑”,因其对肿瘤细胞缺乏特异性,在杀灭癌细胞的同时,也会杀伤正常的组织和细胞,出现恶心呕吐、骨髓抑制、神经损伤等毒副反应,让患者饱受煎熬。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FqwiEhoxpPdo6T7t5EZpjqw04RBm" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中医古籍《黄帝内经》云:“正气存内,邪不可干”,而放化疗之“毒”恰似外邪侵袭,耗伤正气。阜阳市中医医院肿瘤内科结合经典理论与临床实践,开创了一系列中医药疗法,为患者筑起“减毒增效”的生命防线。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">一、中医解码:放化疗之“毒”的本质 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1. 气血双亏,脏腑失衡</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">放化疗在中医理论中属“热毒攻伐”,易耗伤气血,损及脾胃、肝肾。“化疗伤脾,放疗灼阴”,患者常出现气血两虚、津液亏耗之证,如面色苍白、口干舌燥、食欲不振。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2. 经络瘀阻,毒邪内蕴</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">研究发现,放化疗后患者舌下络脉迂曲比例达73%,印证“毒瘀互结”理论。化疗药物导致的血瘀证,可引发肢体麻木、疼痛等神经毒性反应。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3. 现代医学的印证</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">骨髓抑制:放化疗损伤“肾主骨生髓”功能,临床数据显示,中医药干预可使白细胞恢复时间缩短2-4天。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">消化道反应:多数患者出现脾胃升降失常,表现为呕吐、腹泻,与血清5-HT水平升高相关。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">二、内外同治破解毒副反应的“组合拳” </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(一)内服方药:辨证施治,分层击破 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1. 消化道反应:如恶心、呕吐、食欲不振。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中药应用:调和脾胃 健脾和胃类中药(如党参、白术、茯苓)及降逆止呕药(如半夏、生姜、竹茹等)经典方剂:香砂六君子汤、小半夏汤、旋覆代赭汤加减,调节胃肠激素分泌,改善肠道菌群。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/Fv7Ee2t5E_sxUC6pR7umQowxh674" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2.骨髓抑制:白细胞、红细胞、血小板减少。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中药应用:如黄芪、党参、当归、熟地等补养气血类中药,可促进骨髓造血功能;复方如四物汤、归脾汤等可改善血象。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">食疗辅助:五红汤(红枣、红豆、红皮花生、枸杞、红糖),每日1剂,连续服用2周。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3.放射性炎症:如口腔黏膜炎、放射性肺炎、放射性肠炎。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中药应用:清热解毒类(如金银花、连翘)联合养阴生津药(如沙参、麦冬),方剂如沙参麦冬汤可缓解黏膜损伤。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">4.皮肤、神经毒性:如四肢麻木、疼痛、感觉异常、皮疹等。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中药应用:辨证使用黄芪桂枝五物汤加减,餐后1h服药,14天为一疗程,可有效改善肢体麻木、疼痛诸症。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">5.肝肾功能损伤 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中药应用:护肝类(如五味子)、滋肾类(如枸杞子、女贞子),复方如六味地黄丸可减轻化疗药物对肝肾的毒性。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">6.乏力与免疫力下降</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中药应用:补气类(如人参、西洋参)及免疫调节类中药(如灵芝)。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中成药应用:增免扶正方。该方是我院院内制剂,已在临床应用多年,针对恶性肿瘤放化疗后乏力、免疫力低下、久病体虚易感外邪等临床疗效显著。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FhoPmTHTmIoderfR-72WgR5qvMQW" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(二)外治:内外同治,增效减毒 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1. 艾灸</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">升白:隔姜灸大椎、膈俞、足三里,每日1次,连续14天为一疗程,可辅助提升白细胞。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2. 穴位贴敷 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">止吐贴(姜半夏、吴茱萸研末调敷内关穴);升血方(调敷足三里)辅助治疗以改善贫血;</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/Fg8tRj3XCSj17GZEAo5BmyvYJfyz" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3.督灸</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">是在人体督脉的脊柱段上施灸助阳的一种中医特色外治疗法,针对各种虚证、寒证、癌因性疲乏、恶性肿瘤术后、放化疗后免疫力低下等疾病疗效显著。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FqrJxQFtnVoBNiSkVo9OHYUeROBZ" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">4.中药外洗: </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">针对化疗后神经毒性,我科常用外治方如下:桂枝10g、红花10g、紫草10g、老鹳草20g、当归20g等,水煎浸泡手足以通络活血,14天为一疗程,可有效缓解手足麻木。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">5.针刺:</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">化疗后神经毒性:针刺足三里、三阴交、合谷,配合电针刺激、穴位放血等,改善神经传导速度。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">化疗后恶心呕吐:针刺内关、足三里、中脘以调节迷走神经活性,抑制胃肠逆蠕动。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">化疗后免疫功能抑制:针刺关元、气海、足三里增强免疫力。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FvJkLg8Lw7z53XoxhEo0UxkBBdcI" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">三、现代研究:中医药的增效减毒机制</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1. 整体调节:通过调节气血阴阳平衡,改善患者内环境,增强对放化疗的耐受性。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2.抗氧化与抗炎:中药多酚类(如黄芩苷)、皂苷类成分可清除自由基,减轻氧化应激损伤。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3.免疫保护:部分中药可激活免疫细胞(如T淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞),降低感染风险。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">4. 协同抗肿瘤:部分中药(如猫爪草、夏枯草、白花蛇舌草等)与化疗联用可增强抑瘤效果,同时减少化疗剂量需求。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">四、中西医协同的治疗原则 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1. 阶段化干预:化疗前3天开始服用健脾益气中药,可预防消化道反应;放化疗间歇期重点补肾填髓。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2. 个体化辨证:需根据患者体质(如气虚、阴虚)、肿瘤类型及治疗方案辨证施治,避免千人一方。如血瘀型用桃红四物汤,阴虚型选沙参麦冬汤,需由中医师精准处方。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3. 忌盲目进补:化疗期间慎用灵芝孢子粉等滋腻补品,以免加重脾胃负担。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">4. 规范用药:避免滥用“偏方”或超剂量使用有毒中药(如附子、马钱子)。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">5.治疗时机:建议放化疗前1-2周开始中药干预,以提前增强机体耐受性。 </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中医药通过多靶点、多途径的调节作用,在缓解骨髓抑制、消化道反应、放射性损伤等方面具有明确疗效,且能提高患者生存质量。“中医药不是放化疗的替代品,而是护航者。”从《伤寒论》的“调和阴阳”到今日的精准干预,中医药正以千年智慧,为抗癌之路注入温暖而坚韧的力量。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">健康咨询热线:</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">医生办公室电话:0558-2780306</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">护士站电话:0558-2780305</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">阜阳市中医医院肿瘤内科地址:</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">门 诊:阜阳市中医医院门诊楼二楼</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">住院部:阜阳市中医医院颐养楼二楼</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FsT2PI8nPSYS1s7-N7xgQInP9Y-T" /></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FuAxFVWWsjlxV_MsgEgdX9wU6URo" /></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FkX5VzctGdMhqf6Tr-8iIPMxF14g" /></section></section></section><p style="display: none;"> </p> <!----></div>
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