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名医论证∣中医治疗痛风效果好

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white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本期口述&mdash;&mdash;风湿免疫科 王振兴</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本期整理&mdash;&mdash;刘东篱</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本期病症&mdash;&mdash;痛风</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 45%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FppJMLxgv1P0_UTp6RgiFc_ddWD6" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">王振兴</p><p style="text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">风湿免疫科副主任&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">副主任医师</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">专家简介</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">王振兴,北京中医药大学硕士,阜阳市中医药学会风湿病专业委员会副主任委员,曾于中国中医科学院广安门医院风湿科研究学习,从事中医内科十余年,综合诊治经验丰富,谨记勤求博采、厚德济生,擅长中医诊治痛风、类风湿关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、干燥综合征等,以及常见内科病、甲状腺结节、肿瘤、疑难杂症。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">一、痛风的概念</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">痛风是一种尿酸过度沉积导致的疾病,多发在足部跖趾关节、踝关节和膝关节,典型症状为急性关节痛以及关节周围的红、肿、热、痛和功能障碍等。随着饮食、生活方式的改变,痛风发病率呈逐年上升趋势,且日益年轻化。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/Fnhf8g4MqsJZACIFMVltnPWgDB99" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">二、痛风的临床表现</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)急性发作期</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">典型痛风常于夜间发作,常见诱因为饮酒、高嘌呤饮食、受冷和剧烈运动,起病急骤,疼痛进行性加剧,12h左右达高峰,症状多于数天或2周内自行缓解。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/Fi86eUwlW6RGX3Zr756JJ7SL78BW" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)发作间歇期</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">多数患者在初次发作后1-2年内复发,随着病情进展,发作频率逐渐增加,发作持续时间延长、间歇期缩短,甚至部分患者发作后症状不能完全缓解,关节肿痛持续存在。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)慢性痛风石病变期</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">皮下痛风石:常见的发生部位为耳廓、反复发作关节的周围等处,外观为皮下隆起的大小不一的黄白色赘生物,破溃后排出白色粉状或糊状物,不易愈合。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">慢性痛风石关节炎:表现为持续关节肿痛、压痛、畸形和功能障碍,可致关节骨质的破坏、关节周围组织纤维化、继发退行性变等。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">三、痛风的并发症</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1、肾脏损伤</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)可能出现夜尿增多、尿频等排尿异常症状;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)痛风的发病过程中,尿酸盐也可沉积在泌尿系统,导致急性或慢性尿酸盐肾病、尿酸性尿路结石。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2、代谢综合征</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">高尿酸被认为是代谢综合征的独立危险因素之一,痛风患者易并发肥胖症、高血压、高脂血症、2 型糖尿病等。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FkGdhjPcgBQ_jtkuIc2UJAlUTe4y" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3、心血管疾病</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">高尿酸可以增加心脏病、中风和高血压等心血管疾病的风险,尿酸可能对血管内皮细胞产生不良影响,导致血管功能异常和动脉硬化的发展。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">4、神经系统疾病</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">高尿酸血症可促进缺血性脑血管病的发生,但生理浓度的血尿酸水平对神经系统同时有一定的保护作用,血尿酸水平过低则有可能增加神经退行性疾病发生的风险。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">四、痛风患者需要做哪些检查?</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)常规检查</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">包括血尿常规、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂、血沉、C 反应蛋白及泌尿系超声检查等。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)血尿酸测定</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">正常嘌呤饮食状态下,非同日两次空腹检测血尿酸>420&mu;mol/L(不论男女)时,诊断高尿酸血症。急性痛风发作时,血尿酸可能暂时正常或降低,需多次检测(至少间隔一周)。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)关节液检查</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">适用于疑似痛风但尿酸不高的患者,或与其它关节炎(感染性关节炎、假性痛风)鉴别。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(4)24h尿液中尿酸总量</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">正常饮食情况下,24h尿尿酸排泄量小于800mg为肾脏尿酸排泄减少。目前不作为常规检查。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(5)影像学检查</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">X线平片:早期可能正常,慢性期可见&ldquo;穿凿样&rdquo;骨质破坏、痛风石沉积。 &nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">超声(肌骨超声):发现尿酸盐结晶沉积(&ldquo;双轨征&rdquo;)、滑膜增厚、关节积液。 &nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">双能CT:高灵敏度检测尿酸盐结晶,定位痛风石,用于疑难病例诊断。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">五、中医对痛风的认识</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">痛风是一种广义的痹证,是由风、寒、湿、热等外邪入侵或痰瘀互阻、痹阻经络关节、气血运行不畅而造成。除此之外,饮食习惯、体质、情绪、生活习惯等因素均可影响尿酸代谢,诱发痛风。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中医根据个体症状和体质特点,对高尿酸痛风进行辨证施治,可分为湿热型、寒湿型、脾虚型等不同类型。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">六、中医治疗方法</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1、中药内服:急性发作期以祛邪为主,治法有化湿降浊,清热解毒,通经活络,祛邪解表;缓解期以扶正祛邪为主,注重健脾固本,切断湿浊生成之源,防止复发。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)寒湿凝滞,痹阻关节</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">寒湿为阴邪,易侵袭人体下部(如足趾关节)。寒性收引,湿性黏滞,二者结合可阻滞经络气血,导致关节肿胀、疼痛、屈伸不利。症状特点:关节冷痛,遇寒加重,得温则缓,局部肿胀但皮色不红,触之发凉,舌淡苔白腻,脉沉紧或濡缓。 &nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">治法:散寒祛湿,通络止痛</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">方药:甘草附子汤或薏苡仁汤加减。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)湿热蕴结,流注关节&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">过食肥甘厚味、酗酒,湿热内生;或寒湿郁久化热,湿热流注关节,导致气血壅滞,发为红肿热痛。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">症状特点:关节红肿灼热,疼痛剧烈,拒按,伴发热、口渴、小便黄赤、大便黏滞,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数。 &nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">治法:清热利湿,通络止痛。 &nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">方药:四妙散,四妙勇安汤加减。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)脾虚不运,湿浊内生</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">脾为后天之本,主运化水湿。若饮食不节、劳倦伤脾,则脾虚失运,水湿内停,聚而生痰成浊。湿浊郁久可化热,或与寒邪相合,形成痰瘀互结,沉积于关节,发为痛风。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">症状特点:痛风反复发作,关节肿胀僵硬,伴神疲乏力、食欲不振、腹胀便溏,舌淡胖有齿痕,苔白腻,脉濡弱。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">治法:健脾益气,化湿泄浊</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">方药:升阳益胃汤加减。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2、中药外敷:</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">我科通过调制中药进行中药封包治疗,常用药物有大黄、芒硝、冰片、栀子等,使中药透皮吸收起到消肿止痛,活血化瘀的作用,促进局部血液循环,使局部病灶快速自我修复。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FnSekdgEdSyIAFR1R4CpI_g1G7sU" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">此法操作简单,起效快,副作用小,得到患者的一致好评。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3、针灸疗法&nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">主穴:近端可选取受累关节周围穴位(如太冲、行间、内庭等)。远端取穴:足三里、阴陵泉、三阴交、丰隆(健脾祛湿)、曲池(清热)。 &nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">配穴:根据体质加减,如肾虚加肾俞,脾虚加脾俞。 &nbsp;</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">采用普通针刺、温针灸或刺络放血(适用于红肿热痛明显者)的方法,疏通经络,达到缓解疼痛与炎症的目的,改善局部血液循环,促进尿酸结晶的代谢和排出,从而降低痛风石形成的风险。</p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FrSjgRYRfugb1flT3NFCCvd5xpi1" /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #000000; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">阜阳市中医医院风湿免疫科是安徽省风湿免疫病专科联盟常务理事单位。我科强调痛风病应早发现、早诊断、早治疗,注重调节机体的免疫平衡,为此开展穴位贴敷、艾灸、针灸、中药封包治疗等,可起到显著改善患者症状、改善关节功能以及减少并发症等治疗效果。我科旨在为风湿病人解除病痛,提高生活质量、降低患者痛苦、减轻家庭经济负担,避免患者因长期吃药导致病情反复,或病情迁延可能造成的不可逆损伤,甚则致残。</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">健康咨询热线:</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">医生办公室:0558-2780306</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">风湿免疫科门诊:0558-2780133</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">科室门诊:华佗楼门诊二楼风湿免疫科</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">住院部:颐养楼二楼风湿免疫科</p><p style="text-indent: 2.2353em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">联系电话:15715682500(王主任)</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FsT2PI8nPSYS1s7-N7xgQInP9Y-T" /></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FuAxFVWWsjlxV_MsgEgdX9wU6URo" /></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.fy169.net/FkX5VzctGdMhqf6Tr-8iIPMxF14g" /></section></section></section><p style="display: none;">&nbsp;</p>    <!----></div>            
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